Real Estate Formula • Published on September 01, 2026 • Last updated September 01, 2026
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Down payment + renovation + registration + stamp duty + brokerage (cash actually paid, excluding any financed loan amount)
Annual rent minus annual maintenance and property tax
Present-day market value of the property
Number of years the property has been/will be held
Property ROI combines two sources of return — capital appreciation (the rise in property value) and rental income (cash flow after expenses) — and expresses the combined profit as a percentage of the actual cash invested. The annualized version converts multi-year total returns into a CAGR-equivalent figure so property returns can be fairly compared against other investments like stocks or mutual funds.
This ROI formula measures cash-on-cash return — how hard your actual out-of-pocket money worked — not the full property value, since the loan portion is repaid separately through EMIs, not from your invested capital.
Generally, 8-12% annualized ROI is considered good for Indian residential real estate; above 15% is excellent, while below 5% suggests the investment is underperforming relative to alternatives like index funds.
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