Calculate percentages fast: find X% of a number, work out percentage increase or decrease, or reverse a percentage back to its original value.
Example: If 2,250 is 15% of a number, what is that number? → 2,250 ÷ 0.15 = 15,000
Markup vs Margin: Markup = profit ÷ cost × 100. Margin = profit ÷ selling price × 100. Same profit, different base — they yield different percentages.
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15% of 15,000 = 2,250
Every percentage problem boils down to four core formulas. Here is how each operates with plain-English rules and practical examples:
Used for store discounts, taxes, tips, and sales commissions.
15% of 15,000 = (15 ÷ 100) × 15,000 = 2,250
Used for salary appraisals, price rises, and investment growth.
Increase 1,000 by 20% = 1,000 × 1.20 = 1,200
Used for sale discounts, EMI reduction, and asset depreciation.
Decrease 5,000 by 12% = 5,000 × 0.88 = 4,400
Used for year-over-year metrics, exam score shifts, and stock returns.
80 → 100 = ((100 − 80) ÷ 80) × 100 = +25%
Computes new value after a percentage rise: New = Original × (1 + Rate/100). Standard for appraisals (₹50k + 10% = ₹55k), GST addition, and compound capital expansion.
Determines reduced value after percentage markdowns: New = Original × (1 − Rate/100). Ideal for flash sale prices (₹5k at 12% off = ₹4.4k) and vehicle depreciation.
Measures relative variation between initial and final values: ((Final − Initial) / |Initial|) × 100. Evaluates performance shifts in test marks, business revenues, or share prices.
| Problem | Formula / Method | Result |
|---|---|---|
| What is 15% of 15,000? | (15 ÷ 100) × 15,000 | 2,250 |
| Increase 1,000 by 20% | 1,000 × 1.20 | 1,200 |
| Decrease 5,000 by 12% | 5,000 × 0.88 | 4,400 |
| % change: 80 → 100 | ((100−80) ÷ |80|) × 100 | +25% |
| 2,250 is 15% of what? | 2,250 ÷ 0.15 | 15,000 |
| What is 18% GST on ₹2,500? | (18 ÷ 100) × 2,500 | ₹450 |
| 30% off ₹1,200 | 1,200 × 0.70 | ₹840 |
| 10% salary hike on ₹50,000 | 50,000 × 1.10 | ₹55,000 |
| Score: 72 out of 90 | (72 ÷ 90) × 100 | 80% |
| Markup: cost ₹800, sell ₹1,000 | (200 ÷ 800) × 100 | 25% Markup |
Use Percentage Decrease to find final cart costs after markdown discounts. E.g. 25% off ₹3,200 = ₹2,400.
Add 5%, 12%, 18%, or 28% GST to any base quotation using Basic %. E.g. 18% GST on ₹10,000 = ₹1,800.
Use Percentage Increase to compute monthly revision after appraisals. E.g. ₹40,000 + 15% = ₹46,000.
Convert absolute test marks into percentage: (Marks ÷ Max Marks) × 100. E.g. 450 ÷ 600 = 75%.
Use Margin/Markup tab to distinguish gross profit on cost vs. selling price for pricing decisions.
Compare capital growth over holding periods. E.g. ₹1,00,000 to ₹1,25,000 = +25% return.
A percentage represents a fraction of 100. The standard formula to find X% of Y is: (Percentage / 100) × Total Value. Example: 15% of ₹2,000 = (15 / 100) × 2000 = ₹300.
To calculate percentage change between initial and final values: ((Final - Initial) / Initial) × 100. If positive, it represents percentage growth; if negative, it indicates percentage reduction.
Calculate final prices after store discounts or profit markups. Discounted Price = Original Price - (Original Price × Discount%). Profit Price = Cost Price + (Cost Price × Profit%).
Calculate overall percentage score for school or college exams: (Total Marks Obtained / Maximum Total Marks) × 100. Converts exam scores to percentage grades instantly.
To compare two values without a direction: (|Value 1 - Value 2| / ((Value 1 + Value 2) / 2)) × 100. Evaluates relative difference between two metrics.
Used in financial planning to compute annual return rate, GST/VAT tax additions, inflation impact, and salary hike percentage over time.
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