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Financial Term Dictionary

What is FD?

Published on July 05, 2026 • Last updated July 05, 2026

Formula Included

Definition

A Fixed Deposit (FD) is a financial instrument provided by banks or NBFCs which provides investors a higher rate of interest than a regular savings account until a given maturity date.

Detailed Explanation

FDs are highly secure, low-risk investment options where a lump sum is deposited for a fixed period (ranging from 7 days to 10 years) at a guaranteed rate of interest. Interest is typically compounded quarterly, providing steady, predictable growth on capital.

Mathematical Formula

$$A = P \times \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}$$

Calculation Examples

Depositing $50,000 for 5 years at an interest rate of 7% per annum compounded quarterly: - Principal (P) = $50,000 - Annual rate (r) = 0.07 - Compound frequency per year (n) = 4 (quarterly) - Tenure in years (t) = 5 - Maturity Amount (A) = 50,000 * (1 + 0.07/4)^(4 * 5) = $70,738.92 - Total interest earned = $20,738.92

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, premature withdrawals are usually allowed, but banks apply a penalty (typically 0.5% to 1%) reducing the effective interest rate earned.

Yes, the interest income is fully taxable under "Income from Other Sources" based on the investor's tax slab. Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) is deducted if interest exceeds specified thresholds.

FD Laddering is a strategy where you split your total investment corpus into multiple FDs with different maturity periods (e.g., 1-year, 2-year, 3-year). As each FD matures, you reinvest it, ensuring liquidity and optimizing interest rate cycles.

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