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Financial Term Dictionary

What is NPS?

Published on July 05, 2026 • Last updated July 05, 2026

Formula Included

Definition

The National Pension System (NPS) is a voluntary, defined-contribution retirement savings scheme designed to enable systematic savings during working life.

Detailed Explanation

NPS aims to provide social security and monthly pension post-retirement. Contributions are invested in a mix of equity, corporate bonds, government securities, and alternative assets based on investor preference. Upon reaching age 60, up to 60% of the corpus can be withdrawn tax-free, while the remaining 40% must be used to purchase an annuity to receive a monthly pension.

Mathematical Formula

The final corpus is calculated by compounding periodic contributions based on asset allocation and return rates: $$Corpus = P \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r}$$ (where P is periodic contribution, r is return rate, and n is number of periods)

Calculation Examples

A 30-year-old contributing $5,000 monthly until age 60 (30 years) with an average return of 10% per annum: - Monthly contribution (P) = $5,000 - Years of compounding (n) = 30 years (360 months) - Total invested amount = $1,800,000 - Total corpus at retirement = $11,396,627 - Minimum 40% (₹4,558,651) must buy an annuity, providing monthly pension.

Frequently Asked Questions

Contributions are tax-deductible up to ₹1.5 Lakhs under Section 80C. An additional deduction of up to ₹50,000 is allowed under Section 80CCD(1B).

Tier I is a mandatory, non-withdrawable retirement account with tax benefits. Tier II is a voluntary savings account with flexible withdrawals but no tax benefits.

Yes. Investors can choose "Active Choice" (manually deciding split between Equity, Corporate Debt, and Govt Bonds, up to 75% equity) or "Auto Choice" (lifecycle fund that dynamically changes equity allocation based on age).

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