PPF Formula

Finance
$$F = P \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r} \times (1 + r)$$

The Public Provident Fund (PPF) is a popular long-term savings-cum-tax-saving instrument in India. It offers guaranteed interest rates set quarterly by the government, with tax-free returns and tax deductions under Section 80C.

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Profit Margin & Markup Formula

Finance
$$\text{Gross Margin (\%)} = \frac{\text{Revenue} - \text{COGS}}{\text{Revenue}} \times 100, \quad \text{Markup (\%)} = \frac{\text{Revenue} - \text{COGS}}{\text{COGS}} \times 100$$

Profit margin evaluates profitability as a percentage of total selling revenue, while cost markup calculates profit as a percentage of purchase/production cost.

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RD Formula

Finance
$$M = \sum_{i=1}^{k} P \times \left(1 + \frac{r}{4}\right)^{4 \times \frac{k - i + 1}{12}}$$

A Recurring Deposit (RD) is a savings tool that allows individuals to deposit a fixed sum monthly for a predefined period. Similar to a Fixed Deposit, it offers a guaranteed rate of interest, usually compounded quarterly, but without requiring a large initial lump sum.

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Retirement Formula

Finance
$$\text{Target Corpus} = \text{Annual Expenses} \times \frac{1 - (1 + i)^{-n}}{i}$$

The retirement planning formula estimates the corpus required to sustain your current lifestyle during retirement. It accounts for inflation, which increases living costs, and calculates the necessary nest egg based on a real rate of return.

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Salary Formula

Finance
$$\text{Hourly Wage} = \frac{\text{Annual Salary}}{\text{Weeks per Year} \times \text{Hours per Week}}$$

The salary formula converts a salary from one frequency (hourly, weekly, monthly, annual) to another. It helps professionals evaluate the real hourly worth of their compensation packages by factoring in scheduled work hours and unpaid leave.

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Savings Goal Formula

Finance
$$PMT = \frac{FV - PV \times (1 + r)^n}{\frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r}}$$

The Savings Goal Formula is a reverse sinking fund calculation that computes the exact recurring deposit amount (PMT) required to reach a target future financial goal (FV) within a designated timeline. It factors in starting savings balance (PV), periodic compound interest growth (r), and contribution frequency (monthly, weekly, or annually).

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Simple Interest Formula

Finance
$$SI = \frac{P \times R \times T}{100}$$

Simple interest is a straightforward method of calculating interest charges on a loan or investment. Unlike compound interest, simple interest is computed only on the original principal amount. The interest earned remains constant during each period.

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SIP Formula

Finance
$$M = P \times \frac{(1 + i)^n - 1}{i} \times (1 + i)$$

A Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) is a disciplined approach to mutual fund investing. Instead of deploying a large lump sum, investors commit a fixed amount periodically. This formula calculates the future value of a series of regular payments made at the start of each month (an annuity due), showing how compounding builds substantial wealth over time.

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Split Bill Formula

Finance
$$\text{Share} = \frac{\text{Total Bill} + \text{Tip} + \text{Tax}}{\text{Number of People}}$$

Splitting a bill calculates the individual financial share for a group of people. While equal splits distribute the total cost evenly, itemized splits allocate specific item charges to individuals, applying proportional shares of tax and tip. If some people paid upfront, the net owed or refund amount is computed from their payments.

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Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) Maturity Formula

Finance
$$A = P \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r} \times (1 + r)$$

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) compounds interest annually on deposits made for up to 15 years. The account matures after 21 years from account opening, accumulating tax-free returns under Section 80C.

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