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Ideal Body Weight Formula

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Devine (1974):} \quad &\text{Men} = 50 + 2.3 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\ &\text{Women} = 45.5 + 2.3 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\[1ex] \text{Robinson (1983):} \quad &\text{Men} = 52 + 1.9 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\ &\text{Women} = 49 + 1.7 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\[1ex] \text{Miller (1983):} \quad &\text{Men} = 56.2 + 1.41 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\ &\text{Women} = 53.1 + 1.36 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\[1ex] \text{Hamwi (1964):} \quad &\text{Men} = 48 + 2.7 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \\ &\text{Women} = 45.5 + 2.2 \times (h_{in} - 60) \text{ kg} \end{aligned}$$

There is no single, universally agreed-upon Ideal Body Weight (IBW) formula. Devine (1974), Robinson (1983), Miller (1983), and Hamwi (1964) are four separate, independently published clinical equations, each developed by different researchers using different population data, and each still in use today for different purposes (Devine, for example, is widely used in medical drug-dosage calculations). All four share the same basic structure — a base weight at 5 feet tall, plus a fixed amount added per inch of height above that — but use different constants, so they produce different results for the same person. Comparing all four together, rather than presenting one as definitive, gives a more complete and honest picture of what "ideal weight" estimates actually represent: a range, not a single number.

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Finance

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In-Hand Take-Home Salary Formula

$$\text{In-Hand Salary} = \text{Gross Monthly Pay} - (\text{EPF} + \text{Professional Tax} + \text{ESI} + \text{Monthly TDS})$$

In-hand salary (take-home pay) is the net amount deposited into an employee bank account after statutory payroll deductions and monthly tax withholding under New or Old Tax Regimes.

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Unit Converters

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Inches to Centimeters Formula

$$\text{Centimeters} = \text{Inches} \times 2.54$$

To convert inches to centimeters, multiply the inch value by 2.54.

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Tax

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Income Tax Formula

$$\begin{aligned} \text{Net Taxable Income} &= \text{Gross Income} - \text{Deductions} \\ \text{Total Tax} &= \text{Slab Tax} - \text{Rebate} + \text{Cess (4\%)} \end{aligned}$$

Income tax is computed progressively based on income tax slabs. Taxpayers can choose between the Old Regime (which allows major deductions but has higher tax rates) and the New Regime (which has lower rates but restricts most deductions).

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Finance

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Inflation Purchasing Power Formula

$$\text{Future Value} = \text{Present Value} \times (1 + i)^n, \quad \text{Purchasing Power} = \frac{\text{Present Value}}{(1 + i)^n}$$

Inflation formulas measure how rising consumer price indices erode money purchasing power over time, calculating equivalent future cost of living requirements.

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Finance

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Inflation Rate Formula

$$\text{Inflation Rate (\%)} = \left( \frac{\text{CPI}_{t} - \text{CPI}_{t-1}}{\text{CPI}_{t-1}} \right) \times 100$$

The Inflation Rate Formula calculates the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over a specific period, measuring price inflation and purchasing power loss.

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Kilograms to Pounds Formula

$$\text{Pounds (lbs)} = \text{Kilograms (kg)} \times 2.20462262$$

One kilogram is equal to approximately 2.20462262 pounds. To convert kilograms to pounds, multiply the mass in kilograms by 2.20462262.

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Kilometers to Miles Formula

$$\text{Miles} = \text{Kilometers} \times 0.621371$$

One kilometer equals approximately 0.621371 statute miles (or 1 mile = 1.609344 kilometers). To convert kilometers to miles, multiply by 0.621371.

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Finance

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Kirana Wholesale Margin & Landing Cost Formula

$$\text{Landing Cost / Unit} = \frac{\text{Billed Price} \times (1 - \text{TD}) \times (1 - \text{CD}) + \text{Non-ITC GST} + \text{Freight}}{\text{Billed Units} \times \left(1 + \frac{\text{Free Units}}{\text{Paid Units}}\right)}$$

The Kirana wholesale landing cost formula determines the true per-piece acquisition cost for grocery retailers, supermarkets, and FMCG distributors. Rather than using the gross rate printed on distributor invoices, this formula cascades sequential trade discounts, cash settlement rebates, tax credit adjustments, and quantity bonus schemes (Buy X Get Y Free) across the total physical units delivered.

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Finance

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Layoff Financial Survival Runway Formula

$$\text{Total Liquid Reserves} = \text{Emergency Savings} + \text{Net Severance Package} + \text{PF/Gratuity Access}$$ $$\text{Survival Runway (Months)} = \frac{\text{Total Liquid Reserves}}{\text{Essential Monthly Living Outflow} - \text{Spouse / Secondary Income}}$$

A Financial Runway calculates the precise number of months a household can comfortably survive during sudden unemployment, job loss, or career sabbatical without resorting to distress asset sales or predatory debt. The formula evaluates total liquid capital against a stripped-down emergency survival budget (essential necessities minus alternative income streams), empowering professionals to plan an orderly job search strategy.

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