Pregnancy Due Date Formula

Health Formula • Published on July 30, 2026 • Last updated August 09, 2026

Mathematical Equation

$$\text{Due Date} = \text{Last Menstrual Period} + 280 \text{ days} + (\text{Cycle Length} - 28)$$

Variable Definitions

Last Menstrual Period (LMP)

First day of the last menstrual period before conception

280 days

Standard full-term pregnancy duration (40 weeks) assumed from LMP

Cycle Length

Average menstrual cycle length in days, used to adjust the estimated ovulation/conception date (default 28 days)

Detailed Explanation

In-Depth Guide

Naegele's Rule estimates a pregnancy due date by adding 280 days (40 weeks) to the first day of the last menstrual period, since gestational age is conventionally measured from LMP even though conception typically occurs about two weeks later. A cycle-length adjustment corrects for women whose cycles are longer or shorter than the standard 28-day assumption, since a longer cycle means ovulation (and conception) happens later.

How to Calculate: Step-by-Step

1. Identify the first day of the Last Menstrual Period (LMP). 2. Add 280 days (40 weeks) to the LMP date to get the base due date. 3. Adjust for cycle length by adding (Cycle Length − 28) days, since longer cycles delay ovulation. 4. The result is the estimated due date. Alternative methods (conception date, IVF transfer date, or ultrasound scan) each use a fixed offset from the standard 280-day full-term assumption instead.

Worked Calculation Example

LMP = January 1, Cycle Length = 30 days: - Base Due Date = January 1 + 280 days = October 8 - Cycle Adjustment = 30 − 28 = +2 days - Adjusted Due Date = October 10

Common Use Cases

  • Estimating a baby's due date from the last menstrual period
  • Tracking current gestational age and trimester progress
  • Cross-checking due date estimates from IVF transfer or ultrasound dating

Frequently Asked Questions

The exact conception date is rarely known with certainty, whereas the LMP date is easy to identify, so obstetric convention measures gestational age from LMP as a reliable, consistent reference point.

Only about 5% of babies arrive exactly on their calculated due date — the estimate defines a likely delivery window (typically within 1-2 weeks either side), not a precise date, especially for LMP-based estimates versus early ultrasound dating.

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