Waist-to-Hip Ratio Formula

Health Formula • Published on July 30, 2026 • Last updated July 30, 2026

Mathematical Equation

$$WHR = \frac{\text{Waist Circumference}}{\text{Hip Circumference}}$$

Variable Definitions

Waist Circumference

Measured at the narrowest point of the torso, or at the navel

Hip Circumference

Measured at the widest point around the buttocks

Detailed Explanation

In-Depth Guide

Waist-to-Hip Ratio is a simple ratio that indicates body fat distribution pattern — whether fat accumulates more around the abdomen ("apple" shape) or the hips and thighs ("pear" shape). A higher ratio indicates more central/visceral fat, which is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, following World Health Organization risk classification guidance.

How to Calculate: Step-by-Step

1. Measure Waist circumference at its narrowest point (or at the navel), keeping the tape parallel to the floor. 2. Measure Hip circumference at the widest point around the buttocks. 3. Divide Waist by Hip to get the ratio. 4. Compare the result to gender-specific WHO risk thresholds to interpret body shape and health risk.

Worked Calculation Example

Waist = 85 cm, Hip = 100 cm: - WHR = 85 / 100 = 0.85 - For a woman, 0.85 falls in the WHO "Moderate Risk" band (0.80-0.85); for a man, 0.85 would fall in the "Low Risk" band (under 0.90).

Common Use Cases

  • Assessing central obesity and cardiovascular risk beyond what BMI alone shows
  • Tracking changes in fat distribution during a fitness program
  • Complementing BMI and body fat percentage for a fuller health picture

Frequently Asked Questions

Women naturally carry more fat in the hip and thigh region for reproductive reasons, giving them a lower baseline ratio, so WHO sets separate risk thresholds (0.90 for men, 0.85 for women) to account for this natural difference.

WHR specifically captures fat distribution (central vs peripheral), which BMI cannot measure at all, making WHR a valuable complementary metric — many studies suggest it may be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular risk than BMI alone.

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